Saliva is easy to overlook, but it is one of your mouth's most important defenses. When there is less of it, teeth and gums are more vulnerable.
What saliva does
- Washes away food and bacteria after you eat
- Neutralizes acid from foods, drinks and plaque bacteria
- Helps repair enamel by carrying calcium and phosphate that support the teeth
- Moistens food so you can chew, taste and swallow
- Helps with speaking and keeps the tissues of your mouth comfortable
- Contains substances that help fight germs
What is dry mouth?
Dry mouth, called xerostomia, happens when you do not make enough saliva. Symptoms can include a sticky or dry feeling, trouble swallowing or speaking, a burning tongue, cracked lips, bad breath and a change in taste.
Common causes
- Medications. Many prescription and over-the-counter medicines reduce saliva.
- Dehydration
- Mouth breathing, especially at night
- Tobacco and alcohol
- Certain medical conditions and treatments, including some head and neck radiation
- Aging, though dry mouth is not a normal part of aging by itself and is often related to medications
Why it matters for your teeth
With less saliva, teeth are exposed to acid for longer. People with dry mouth often get more cavities, especially near the gumline and on exposed roots, and are more likely to have gum problems and mouth infections.
What helps
- Sip water often and keep water by your bed
- Chew sugar-free gum or suck on sugar-free lozenges to stimulate saliva
- Use fluoride toothpaste, and ask your dentist about extra fluoride. See fluoride treatment.
- Avoid alcohol-based mouthwashes, tobacco and too much caffeine
- Limit sugary and acidic snacks and drinks
- Ask about saliva substitutes or moisturizing products
When to see a professional
Tell your dentist if your mouth feels dry most of the time, and ask your doctor whether a medication could be the cause. Do not stop taking a prescribed medicine without talking to the doctor who prescribed it.
Protect your teeth
If you have dry mouth, regular cleanings and exams are especially important. See our cleaning and exam page, and read about how your diet affects your teeth.
This article is general information and does not replace an exam or personal advice from your dentist.
Have questions about your own teeth? Request an appointment or call (747) 339-7016.
